A three‐dimensional crustal seismic velocity model for southern California from a composite event method

Abstract

We present a new crustal seismic velocity model for southern California derived from P and S arrival times from local earthquakes and explosions. To reduce the volume of data and ensure a more uniform source distribution, we compute “composite event” picks for 2597 distributed master events that include pick information for other events within spheres of 2 km radius. The approach reduces random picking error and maximizes the number of S wave picks. To constrain absolute event locations and shallow velocity structure, we also use times from controlled sources, including both refraction shots and quarries. We implement the SIMULPS tomography algorithm to obtain three‐dimensional (3‐D) Vp and Vp/Vs structure and hypocenter locations of the composite events. Our new velocity model in general agrees with previous studies, resolving low‐velocity features at shallow depths in the basins and some high‐velocity features in the midcrust. Using our velocity model and 3‐D ray tracing, we relocate about 450,000 earthquakes from 1981 to 2005. We observe a weak correlation between seismic velocities and earthquake occurrence, with shallow earthquakes mostly occurring in high P velocity regions and midcrustal earthquakes occurring in low P velocity regions. In addition, most seismicity occurs in regions with relatively low Vp/Vs ratios, although aftershock sequences following large earthquakes are often an exception to this pattern.