A THOUSAND GRAIN WEIGHT INFLUENCE ON YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT GRAIN OF DIFFERENT GROUPS OF MATURITY IN RYAZAN REGION

Abstract

The article presents a comparative assessment of the mass of 1000 grains, yield and grain quality of winter soft wheat varieties of early-ripening, mid-ripening and late-ripening groups of ripeness of a collection nursery growing in 2017-2021 in the conditions of the Ryazan region on dark gray forest heavy loamy soils of average fertility. Over the years of research, basically all the studied varieties (94.0 %) had very large grain (more than 40 g). The maximum values (more than 50 g) were formed by medium-ripened varieties Gilea (Ukraine) – 53.8 g and Vassa (Russia) – 51.5 g. A strong conjugacy was established between the July GTC and the mass of 1000 grains in varieties of all ripeness groups (r = +0.704–+0.745), yield (r= +0.665–+0.755). The SCC of the entire growing season significantly had an average effect (r=+0.513) on the yield of early-ripening varieties and a weak effect on mid-ripening and late-ripening varieties (r=+0.435 and r=+0.379, respectively). A strong positive dependence of the yield of varieties of early and late maturity groups (r=+0.735–+0.783) and moderate with an average ripeness group (r =+0.447) with a mass index of 1000 grains. It was found that the middle-ripened group formed a higher yield and weight of 1000 grains compared to the varieties of the early and late ripeness groups. An average conjugacy (r= +0.528–+0.554) was obtained between the mass of 1000 grains and the protein and gluten content in early-ripening winter wheat varieties, and a weak but significant negative relationship in late-ripening varieties (r=-0.345 with protein content, r=-0.419 with gluten content). The revealed patterns can be used as methodological approaches in the ecological organization of the breeding process, and the samples isolated by the mass of 1000 grains are of considerable interest for breeding as sources of coarse grain.