Abstract
Based on the electrochemical and thermal model, a coupled electro-thermal runaway model was developed and implemented using finite element methods. The thermal decomposition reactions when the battery temperature exceeds the material decomposition temperature were embedded into the model. The temperature variations of a lithium titanate battery during a series of charge-discharge cycles under different current rates were simulated. The results of temperature and heat generation rate demonstrate that the greater the current, the faster the battery temperature is rising. Furthermore, the thermal influence of the overheated cell on surrounding batteries in the module was simulated, and the variation of temperature and heat generation during thermal runaway was obtained. It was found that the overheated cell can induce thermal runaway in other adjacent cells within 3 mm distance in the battery module if the accumulated heat is not dissipated rapidly.
Highlights
With the pressure of energy shortages and environmental pollution, large capacity lithium ion batteries with have been developed for use in hybrid electric and electric vehicles
Several previous studies have been conducted on the thermal safety of lithium ion batteries, mostly focused statically on the thermal stability of the materials [1,2,3] and flame retardant additives [4,5,6]
The one-dimensional cell model and the three-dimensional thermal model are coupled by the generated heat source and the average temperature
Summary
With the pressure of energy shortages and environmental pollution, large capacity lithium ion batteries with have been developed for use in hybrid electric and electric vehicles. Their heat generation is difficult to dissipate during the charging and discharging processes, and this could lead to fires or explosions. Kim et al [8] constructed a three-dimensional thermal abuse model based on the chemical reactions He et al [9] used a high-fidelity two dimensional computational fluid dynamics model to study the thermal management of a Li-ion battery module. The heat of the battery materials measured by a C80 micro- calorimeter was embedded into the traditional thermal model to predict thermal runaway, and to explore the effect of overheated cells on adjacent batteries in the battery module
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