A thermal pressurization model for the spontaneous dynamic rupture propagation on a three‐dimensional fault: 2. Traction evolution and dynamic parameters

Abstract

We investigate the dynamic traction evolution during the spontaneous propagation of a 3‐D earthquake rupture governed by slip‐weakening or rate‐ and state‐dependent constitutive laws and accounting for thermal pressurization effects. The analytical solutions as well as temperature and pore pressure evolutions are discussed in the companion paper by Bizzarri and Cocco. Our numerical experiments reveal that frictional heating and thermal pressurization modify traction evolution. The breakdown stress drop, the characteristic slip‐weakening distance, and the fracture energy depend on the slipping zone thickness (2w) and hydraulic diffusivity (ω). Thermally activated pore pressure changes caused by frictional heating yield temporal variations of the effective normal stress acting on the fault plane. In the framework of rate‐ and state‐dependent friction, these thermal perturbations modify both the effective normal stress and the friction coefficient. Breakdown stress drop, slip‐weakening distance, and specific fracture energy (J/m2) increase for decreasing values of hydraulic diffusivity and slipping zone thickness. We propose scaling relations to evaluate the effect of w and ω on these physical parameters. We have also investigated the effects of choosing different evolution laws for the state variable. We have performed simulations accounting for the porosity evolution during the breakdown time. Our results point out that thermal pressurization modifies the shape of the slip‐weakening curves. For particular configurations, the traction versus slip curves display a gradual and continuous weakening for increasing slip: in these cases, the definitions of a minimum residual stress and the slip‐weakening distance become meaningless.