Abstract
For the purpose of radio and optical propagation, it is useful to study the behavior of a beam wave in an inhomogeneous medium. A fundamental problem when the two-dimensional Gaussian beam is obliquely incident on the inhomogeneous medium whose permittivity decreases linearly in one direction is theoretically analyzed. The characteristics of the amplitude and phase front for the beam are made clear quantitatively for the first time. With increasing propagation distance, the amplitude of the incident beam becomes increasingly stronger and a very narrow beam is also obtained (focusing effect). These theoretical results are also applicable for the cases where aλ≪1 (collimated beam), bλ≪1 (slowlying varying medium), and cos2φ−bz is not close to zero. In order to corroborate the validity of the theory, a model experiment was performed in the millimeter-wave region. Thus the predicted strong increase of the field intensity was observed by measuring the beam along the ray path, so that the focusing effect was qualitatively corroborated.
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