A theoretical study on phosphasilylenes CPSi-X (X=H, CN, NH 2 and OMe)

Abstract

Singlet–triplet energy splittings (Δ E s–t,X) for 24 CPSi-X silylenic reactive intermediates, are compared and contrasted at 10 levels of theory: B1LYP/6-31++G**, B3LYP/6-31++G**, MP2/6-31G*, HF/6-311++G**, B1LYP/6-311++G**, B3LYP/6-311++G**, MP2/6-311++G**, MP4(SDTQ)/6-311++G**, QCISD(T)/6-311++G** and CCSD(T)/6-311++G** (where X=H, CN, NH 2 and OMe). Singlet (s) and/or triplet (t) CPSi-X, are confined to the following three structures: 3-X-2-phospha-1-silacyclopropenylidene ( 1 s-X, 1 t-X); [(X-phosphino)methylene]silylene ( 2 s-X, 2 t-X); or X-methylidynephosphinesilylene ( 3 s-X, 3 t-X). The relative orders of Δ E s–t,X as functions of substituents (X) are different for each structure. All the singlet state silylenes appear more stable than their corresponding triplet states. Among all isomeric sets of silylenes studied, the least stable silylene emerges as triplet acyclic 2 t-X. Good linear correlations are found between the LUMO–HOMO energy gaps of the singlet acyclic silylenes 2 s-X and 3 s-X, and their corresponding Δ E s–t,X, calculated at B3LYP/6-311++G**. Relative energies of the divalent 3 s-X and/or 3 t-X structures are plotted as a function of the divalent bond angle ∠X–Si–CN. The singlet and triplet states of CPSi-H cross at 127°. Substituents widen the cross point angles. The global minimum, among CPSi-H and CPSi-CN species, appears to be the singlet cyclic 1 s-X. The global minimum among CPSi-NH 2 and CPSi-OMe silylenes turnsout to be the singlet acyclic 3 s-X.