Abstract
The intense acoustic wave generated at the focus of an extracorporeal shockwave lithotripter is modeled as the impulse response of a parallel RLC circuit. The shock wave consists of a zero rise time positive spike which falls to 0 at 1 μs followed by a negative pressure component 6 μs long with amplitudes scaled to + 1000 and − 167 bars, respectively. This pressure wave drives the Gilmore‐Akulichev formulation for bubble dynamics; the zero order effect of gas diffusion on bubble response is included. Results predict that a preexisting bubble in the micron range will expand to over 100 times its initial size, R0, for 240 μs, with a peak radius of 1350R0, then collapse very violently, emitting far UV or soft x‐ray photons (black body assumption). Gas diffusion does not appreciably mitigate the violence of the primary collapse, but does significantly increase R0, up to 40 μm, as well as the duration of subsequent ringing, assuming no break up or production of microbubbles. The prediction of x‐ray emission is of more academic than clinical concern because relatively few photons will be produced, and renal tissue exhibits a fairly low radio‐sensitivity. [Work supported by NIH.]
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