A theoretical DFT study on the structural parameters and azide–tetrazole equilibrium in substituted azidothiazole systems

Abstract

Azido–tetrazole equilibrium is sensitive to: substitution, solvent, temperature and phase. In this work, the effects of the type and position of substitution on the thiazole ring of azidothiazoles on its structural parameters and on the azido–tetrazole equilibrium have been theoretically investigated using the density functional procedures at the B3LYP/6-311G∗∗ level of theory. This study includes the investigation of the equilibrium geometry, the transformation of the trans-conformer to the cis one then the ring closure to the tetrazole isomer. The transition states of the two steps were located, confirmed and the structural parameters were calculated. In all the steps of calculations, geometry optimization was considered.The results obtained indicate that substitution by: –NO2 and –CN group shifts the equilibrium to the azide side and in some cases the tetrazole isomer is not obtained. On the other hand, substitution by: –NH2 and –OH groups shifts the equilibrium to the tetrazole side and in some cases the azide isomer is not obtained and if formed changes spontaneously to the tetrazole isomer.The decisive parameters which determine the position of the equilibrium are: charge density on atoms N3 and N8, rearrangement of bond length and bond angles during the process of cyclization and variation of dipole moment as a result of cyclization.Results of this work indicate that substitution on C5 is more efficient than substitution on C4 of the thiazole ring.