A testbed for closed-loop cyber-physical-social system simulation and security analysis

Abstract

To analyze the complex interdependencies of power, social, and cyber domains, it is necessary to develop a cohesive modeling and simulation architecture for cyberpower-social systems. A real-time cyber-physical testbed with abilities to perform unified simulation, emulation, and interface with hardware devices provides a great platform to analyze the impact of cyber events on the power grid. In this chapter, development of a real-time cyber-physical testbed and applications have been discussed. The developed testbed has four different layers: (1) power system layer, (2) sensor and control layer, (3) communication layer, and (4) application layer. In the power system layer, Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and related software RSCAD are used to simulate the power system. In the sensor and control layer, real physical hardware devices such as phasor measurement units (PMU) and phasor data concentrator (PDC) have been used as sensors and supporting infrastructure. RealTime Automation Controller (RTAC) and Synchrophasor Vector Processor (SVP) are used as controllers in this layer. Satellite-synchronized clock provides the accurate time signal to all the synchrophasor devices and simulator. In the communication layer, DeterLab have been used to emulate the communication network. With the unique features available in the DeterLab, cyber attack generation, cyber protection control, and communication traffic collection and analysis can be performed to analyze the impact of cyber events on the power grid. In the application layer, Real-Time Voltage Stability Monitoring and Control (RT-VSMAC) Tool is used to demonstrate the wide-area monitoring and close-loop control concepts.