Abstract
During the past several years, natural gas production from shale gas is increased and has adsorbed much attention worldwide. The reason behind this is because of advances gained in shale gas recovery techniques from this ultra-low permeability/porosity rock. These techniques are considered the horizontal drilling of the length of 3000 to 5000 ft long and conducting multi-stage hydraulic fracturing along the horizontal portion of the wells. The successful application of above has also driven down the gas prices worldwide and also culminated the security of gas supply for the upcoming decades. This paper is a technical literature review of shale gas production and modeling for future performance evaluation that identifies the current challenges in different stages. Several different and complex physics of gas flow in such a low permeability formation is also explained and the state of the art of the challenges encountered in the modeling process is also explained. As such, gas desorption phenomena, non-Darcy Flow, gas Klinkenberg effect are investigated for different shale formations in the US. This technical review also takes a look over the hydraulic fracturing effects on the economics of shale gas wells due to its straight tie to the production from shale and also the overall recovery from such reservoirs.
Highlights
Through this century, exponential increase of consumption of oil and gas worldwide is very clear trend
Considering the natural gas exploration and production, shale gas has attracted many attentions because it presents in huge amounts worldwide and more identifiable advances gained by industry in this field that resulted in significant enhanced recoveries in shale gas production
State of the art of literature has shown in average that gas desorption contributes to 20% increase in the EUR during 30-year production performance forecasted for Marcellus shale well that is completed with 12 stages of hydraulic fracturing [6]
Summary
Exponential increase of consumption of oil and gas worldwide is very clear trend. Considering the natural gas exploration and production, shale gas has attracted many attentions because it presents in huge amounts worldwide and more identifiable advances gained by industry in this field that resulted in significant enhanced recoveries in shale gas production. On another point of view, as it is mentioned previously, the amount of fuel reserves worldwide is in a decline trend because of the reduced incidence of significant discoveries of reservoirs worldwide. Unconventional resources inherent several specific characteristics, such as very low porosity, permeability, non-Darcy flow, rock surface desorption All of this affects different aspects of shale from recovery to modeling, simulation and enhancing recovery methods. State of the art of literature has shown in average that gas desorption contributes to 20% increase in the EUR during 30-year production performance forecasted for Marcellus shale well that is completed with 12 stages of hydraulic fracturing [6]
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