A team leader's gaze before and after making requests in emergency care simulation: a case study with eye-tracking glasses.

Abstract

The advanced technology of eye-tracking enables us to analyse healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) gaze behaviours. Gaze analysis has great potential to capture HCPs’ non-technical skills, especially situational awareness (SA).1 The SA framework has three levels. Level 1 involves perceiving an event, level 2 understanding what is being perceived importantly and level 3 being able to make predictions. How to analyse HCPs’ utterances and gaze in an integrative manner may provide insights into higher-order cognitive skills such as level 3 SA. This study aims to establish a method to describe HCPs’ gaze and utterances in emergency care interactions, focusing on a leader’s gaze at team members’ faces and bodies when making requests. One simulated training session (about 16 min) was analysed, applying a multimodal corpus approach. The recording took place in the resuscitation area at Yokohama City University Medical Center. The team comprised a senior consultant as a team leader (Leader) with an eye-tracker, Tobii Pro Glasses 2, another two doctors (a senior doctor (SD) and a junior doctor (JD)), a foundation doctor and two nurses, and a simulated patient (male, …