Abstract
TBX5 is a vital transcription factor involved in cardiac development in a dosage-dependent manner. But little is known about the potential association of TBX5 3′ untranslated region (UTR) variations with congenital cardiac malformations. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TBX5 3′UTR variants and risk for congenital heart disease (CHD) susceptibility in two Han Chinese populations, and to reveal its molecular mechanism. The relationship between TBX5 3′UTR variants and CHD susceptibility was examined in 1 177 CHD patients and 990 healthy controls in two independent case–control studies. Variant rs6489956 C>T was found to be associated with increased CHD susceptibility in both cohorts. The combined CHD risk for the CT and TT genotype carriers was 1.83 times higher than that of CC genotype, while the risk for CT or TT genotype was 1.94 times and 2.31 times higher than that of CC carriers, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis showed that T allele carriers exhibited reduced TBX5 mRNA and protein levels in CHDs tissues. Compared with C allele, T allele showed increased binding affinity to miR-9 and miR-30a in both luciferase assays and surface plasmon resonance analysis. Functional analysis confirmed that miR-9 and miR-30a downregulated TBX5 expression at the transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. The assays in zebrafish model were in support of the interaction of miR-9/30a and TBX5 3′UTR (C and T allele). We concluded that TBX5 3′UTR variant rs6489956 increased susceptibility of CHD in the Han Chinese population because it changes the binding affinity of two target miRNAs that specifically mediate TBX5 expression.
Highlights
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most prevalent type of human structural birth defects worldwide, TBX5 3′untranslated region (UTR) variant increases the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) 2 control studies Group ShandongGenotype/Allele C/CControl 534(88.1%) Case 703(77.7%)Logistic regression OR P-valueb C/T-T/T C72(11.9%) 1 135(93.6%)
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TBX5 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) variants and risk for congenital heart disease (CHD) susceptibility in two Han Chinese populations, and to reveal its molecular mechanism
The assays in zebrafish model were in support of the interaction of miR-9/30a and TBX5 3′UTR (C and T allele)
Summary
Our previous study demonstrated that non-coding variants in genes coding for enzymes that biotransform homocysteine significantly increase CHD risk by regulating gene expression levels [11,12,13]. We hypothesized that the functional regulatory variations in TBX5 might be associated with increased CHD risk through altered gene expression or dosage effects. Several non-coding variants of TBX5 in the promoter [20], intron [21] and enhancer regions [22] were reported to be associated with CHDs. the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) is critically important for microRNAs (miRNAs) binding to regulate gene expression, the potential contribution of mutations in the TBX5 3′UTR to CHDs remains unknown.
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