Abstract
The paper examines eco-innovation strategies in the Canadian wine industry. It uses firm-level data of 151 wine firms that developed eco-innovations between 2015 and 2017 to build a taxonomy of four eco-innovation strategies: (i) eco-innovation laggers, (ii) product-oriented eco-innovators, (iii) process-oriented eco-innovators, and (iv) fully integrated eco-innovators. We then characterize these eco-innovation strategies with respect to firm-level innovation capabilities, firms’ knowledge openness, and firms’ specific characteristics. The results reveal heterogeneity in eco-innovation strategies and show that these strategies exhibit different configurations of innovation-related conditions and firm characteristics.
Highlights
In the last decade, the topic of eco-innovation has enjoyed growing popularity among the scholarly community [1,2,3,4]
Castellacci and Lie [13] argue that there is a general degree of association between different types of eco-innovation, and this paper examines this claim in the context of the wine industry, where the importance of eco-innovations has been increasing in recent years [20]
In view of the distinct patterns exhibited by these variables, we identified four clusters: (1) eco-innovation laggers, (2) product-oriented eco-innovators, (3) process-oriented eco-innovators, and (4) fully integrated eco-innovators
Summary
The topic of eco-innovation has enjoyed growing popularity among the scholarly community [1,2,3,4]. A large number of studies have examined the determinants of eco-innovations to better understand the drivers that impact the adoption and development of eco-innovations by firms [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Prior studies on the determinants of eco-innovations focus on distinct forms of eco-innovation [9,12]. This is problematic because it constrains the understanding of eco-innovation as a complex phenomenon, and in particular whether special relationships exist between different types of eco-innovation. Castellacci and Lie [13] and Kiefer et al [14] argue that this issue deserves further research
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