Abstract
There is neither a unifying concept nor a sufficient multivariable approach to apply the use of laboratory markers to clinical practice with respect to the metabolic syndrome. The relationship of metabolic syndrome to the development of hypertension and the concurrent development of chronic renal disease has become evident. We have shown biomarkers to have significant value in combination for assessing heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. The pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular and renal diseases is tightly linked to increased oxidative stress and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. This review addresses the mathematical foundation for such an evaluation of the biological markers and the computational tools and the interest in outcomes research for improved healthcare practice. The review also addresses the heavy investment in health information systems intended to improve a rapidly consolidating patient health network. This has become important to enable a suitable method of assessing drug efficacy and of lifestyle changes to improve the population health, the pharmaceutical industry, and allied health sciences.
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