Abstract
Plants reorient the growth of affected organs in response to the loss of gravity vector. In trees, this phenomenon has received special attention due to its importance for the forestry industry of conifer species. Sustainable management is a key factor in improving wood quality. It is of paramount importance to understand the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying wood formation, together with the hormonal and environmental factors that affect wood formation and quality. Hormones are related to the modulation of vertical growth rectification. Many studies have resulted in a model that proposes differential growth in the stem due to unequal auxin and jasmonate allocation. Furthermore, many studies have suggested that in auxin distribution, flavonoids act as molecular controllers. It is well known that flavonoids affect auxin flux, and this is a new area of study to understand the intracellular concentrations and how these compounds can control the gravitropic response. In this review, we focused on different molecular aspects related to the hormonal role in flavonoid homeostasis and what has been done in conifer trees to identify molecular players that could take part during the gravitropic response and reduce low-quality wood formation.
Highlights
Trees represent the most important source of biomass production, the major sink for atmospheric CO2 overloads, and an environmentally friendly renewable alternative to fossil fuel on the planet Earth
This smart breeding considers the use of genomics to identify key molecular players involved in wood formation through new translational genomic approaches such as marker-assisted selection or genomic selection, which should improve its efficiency by providing relevant early selection criteria supported by DNA markers
It is important to understand the molecular, genetic, hormonal, environmental, and ontogenic factors involved in wood formation, taking into consideration that these factors control the formation of different types of wood observed in the same tree, showing different chemical, mechanical and physical properties that affect wood quality
Summary
Multidisciplinary Agroindustry Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3467987, Chile. Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y. Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CenBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile. Centro del Secano, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
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