Abstract
<p>El artículo pretende analizar los primeros meses de la intervención federal en el estado de Río de Janeiro, introducida por el decreto presidencial del 16 de febrero de 2018. La crisis de seguridad en el Estado, que comenzó en 2017 y obtuvo una importante cobertura mediática, llevó a Michel Temer a tomar la decisión de poner a las Fuerzas Armadas a cargo de la seguridad pública, por primera vez desde la redemocratización del país. Considerada controvertida desde su anuncio en febrero, la medida fue cuestionada luego del asesinato de Marielle Franco, concejala de la Cámara Municipal de Río de Janeiro, conocida por su feroz oposición a la intervención militar. El documento examina si la disfuncionalidad del Estado brasileño en el ámbito de la seguridad pública puede ser abordada por políticas de línea dura como la intervención federal y cuestiona la validez de esta medida en el contexto dado. Afirma que las duras políticas de seguridad son ineficaces para combatir la violencia en Brasil y destaca que el discurso dominante sobre el crimen y la violencia, que contribuye al apoyo de la opinión pública a las medidas contraproducentes de línea dura, requiere una redefinición.</p>
Highlights
President Michel Temer announced on the 16th of February 2018 that the national Armed Forces would be put in charge of public security in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a decision authorized by presidential decree and approved by both houses of Congress the following week (Câmara dos Deputados 2018; Senado Federal 2018)
The lack of progress in Franco’s case can be yet another proof of very limited investigation capacity of civil police. It is questionable whether representatives of armed forces in charge of public security in Rio de Janeiro will change this picture as they lack expertise in police intelligence, combating corruption or improving institutional transparency, which should be at the core of changes to be implemented within the state’s military and civil police
According to Silvia Ramos, the employment of the federal intervention, which surprised Brazilians, raises the question of the steps in case of a probable failure of the ongoing intervention: “After the intervention you have the state of emergency, the state of siege and you drop an atomic bomb” (DW Brasil 2018)
Summary
President Michel Temer announced on the 16th of February 2018 that the national Armed Forces would be put in charge of public security in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a decision authorized by presidential decree and approved by both houses of Congress the following week (Câmara dos Deputados 2018; Senado Federal 2018) This was the first time a federal intervention – as this constitutional measure is called – was implemented in Brazil after the end of the military rule in 1985 and the adoption of the Constitution in 1988. A crucial blow for the implemented measure was the assassination of Marielle Franco, city councilor of the Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro, human rights activist and ardent critic of the military intervention, on the 14th of March 2018 This event reminded the public opinion about the inefficiency of extreme measures aimed at confrontational policies when tackling crime and violence in Brazil and in the state of Rio de Janeiro in particular. The conclusion will highlight the main argumentation line of this paper: the inefficiency of harsh security policies in combating violence in Brazil and the necessity to modify the dominating discourse on crime and violence which contributes to the public opinion’s support of counterproductive hardline measures
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