Abstract
The opening of the Madrid peace conference at the end of October 1991 has been accompanied by a number of attempts to look into historical precedents to search out lessons for successful mediation and conflict resolution in the future.2 Recently, in addition to Madrid, the words and have become more recognizable in political discussions of the Arab-Israeli conflict. While not yet as familiar as Camp David, each of these cities has come to denote not just a venue for past negotiations, but also, loosely: (a) a procedural approach to peace talks; (b) a particular agenda; and (c) an outcome that became a reference point-positive or negative-to each of the attending parties. This article offers a summary of the talks at Rhodes and Lausanne based on recently released archival materials [see Note on Sources]. It also attempts to illustrate some of the patterns that emerge with regard to such international attempts at Middle East peacemaking: the coaxing of parties to the table; the careful maneuvering by the principal parties; the strategies used by the mediators in pursuit of consensus; and the recurring cycle of stalemates leading to a resort to outside-mainly U.S.-pressure.
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