Abstract
In trajectory-based operation (TBO), the four-dimensional trajectories (4DTs) of aircraft are shared with all flight-related stakeholders, which makes flights visible and controllable and helps flights arrive at a location within a fixed time range. With the technical support from TBO, the operation of flights in a route sector will be more efficient and the air traffic volume will increase. However, more flights will also result in more flight conflicts. In this study, a deterministic conflict detection and resolution (CDR) module is established to assist air traffic controllers in detecting and resolving high-density conflicts rapidly and in advance. In the conflict detection (CD) submodule, a spatial data structure with low time complexity, the R tree algorithm, is used. R tree can effectively reduce the comparison number between the 4DTs of all aircraft. The experiment results show that the computing time of the R tree presents a logarithmic curve with the increase in the number of aircraft and the efficiency of the CD is more significantly improved. In the conflict resolution (CR) submodule, considering the aircraft performance and terrain constraints, the Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of huge search space and to quickly provide an effective resolution policy for pairwise conflict. The simulation results in dense airspace indicate that the MCTS-based CR algorithm has good performance in terms of safety and efficiency.
Highlights
In recent years, the demand for civil aviation has gradually increased
The growth of air traffic flow will lead to more flight conflicts in airspace, which will produce tremendous workload stress for air traffic controllers. erefore, it is necessary for controllers to have a decision support tool (DST) for conflict detection and resolution (CDR) that can autonomously detect conflicts and provide feasible solutions to help controllers avoid conflicts in time
With the aim of reducing the workload of air traffic controllers and improving the capability of solving the conflicts in en route trajectory-based operation (TBO), this paper proposes a CDR module based on shared 4DTs to help develop a DST
Summary
The demand for civil aviation has gradually increased. To accommodate the rise of air traffic volume, the federal aviation administration (FAA) [1], EUROCONTROL [2], and the international civil aviation organization (ICAO) [3] have performed a series of relevant studies on trajectory-based operations (TBOs). E spatial data structure (SDS) method has been proposed to detect timebased separation infringements between aircraft It has been reported for the SDS-based CD algorithm in reference [7] that using a simplified wake vortex model with 4D tubes can avoid nonefficient pairwise trajectory comparisons. In 2019, the K-control actor-critic (KCAC) algorithm chose the random position for aircraft to avoid conflict [24], and a suitable training and learning environment for aircraft conflict detection and resolution was developed by changing the 2D continuous speed actions and headings to obtain the optimal or suboptimal conflict-free flight trajectory. E BADAbased 4DTP regards the aircraft flying in the route as a particle, simulates the force analysis of the particle under different conditions, and calculates the future 4DTs of the aircraft according to the performance data in BADA, the motion formula, and the intention model. E intention model can be regarded as an abstract description of the pilot or FMS controlling the aircraft movement according to the operational requirements and constraints (such as the flight plan and environment), that is, a set of instructions including speed control, altitude control, horizontal control, and the change of aircraft configuration
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