Abstract
This article attempts to illustrate the relationships between Tenor dimensions and pronominal reference in standard Thai. It argues for additional consideration of Thai pronouns as negotiators of interpersonal relationship. In addition to making deictic reference and being part of the Mood elements in major clauses, these resources can mark interpersonal social differentiation as well as attitudinal or emotional involvement. Based on examples of data collected from 40 contemporary Thai novels, the study has attested that usage of first and second person pronominal forms reflects the interplay among the three Tenor dimensions—“status,” “contact,” and “affect.” The study further suggests a new approach of pronominal categorization in Thai—pseudo T-pronouns with informal forms, pseudo V-pronouns with deferential flavor, and N-pronouns or pronominally used nominal terms. They all are found strategically used in novels to construe Tenor relations. By means of expressive pronominal switching and discriminatory pronominal choice, Thai pronouns can be employed to differentiate between positive and negative affective involvement of interactants in dialogical texts.
Highlights
Thai pronominal reference reflects a complex system of social relationships between interactants in communicative situations
“Unmarked usage” can be in the form of regular pronominal choice or of normal or etiquette pronominal switching, which conforms to the conditions of Tenor “status” and “contact.” The second method is “marked usage” intended to indicate “marked affect.”
To encode “marked affect,” it is possible that the speaker resorts to expressive pronominal switching or discriminatory pronominal choice
Summary
Thai pronominal reference reflects a complex system of social relationships between interactants in communicative situations. The expressive pronouns used for pronominal switching in realization of positive or negative emotions are characterized as marked forms (Palakornkul, 1972).
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