Abstract
Cloud Computing is a well-established paradigm for building service-centric systems. However, ultra-low latency, high bandwidth, security, and real-time analytics are limitations in Cloud Computing when analysing and providing results for a large amount of data. Fog and Edge Computing offer solutions to the limitations of Cloud Computing. The number of agricultural domain applications that use the combination of Cloud, Fog, and Edge is increasing in the last few decades. This article aims to provide a systematic literature review of current works that have been done in Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing applications in the smart agriculture domain between 2015 and up-to-date. The key objective of this review is to identify all relevant research on new computing paradigms with smart agriculture and propose a new architecture model with the combinations of Cloud–Fog–Edge. Furthermore, it also analyses and examines the agricultural application domains, research approaches, and the application of used combinations. Moreover, this survey discusses the components used in the architecture models and briefly explores the communication protocols used to interact from one layer to another. Finally, the challenges of smart agriculture and future research directions are briefly pointed out in this article.
Highlights
Agriculture plays a fundamental role in the world both as a key source of livelihood and its role in the global food supply chain
Farmers, scientists, agronomists, and agricultural industries turn to new technologies, such as Cloud Computing, Edge Computing, Fog Computing, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Drones
This review aims to identify how Cloud–Fog–Edge combinations are used with smart agriculture by addressing the following questions such as (1) How are new technologies such as Cloud, Fog, and Edge used in smart agriculture, and what features of agriculture are covered? (2) What components are used in the architecture? (3) What type of combinations of computing is used? (4) What are the future direction and opportunities for smart agriculture using Cloud–Fog–Edge Computing? The key contributions of this review relating to smart agriculture and Cloud, Fog, and Edge computing are outlined as follows
Summary
Agriculture plays a fundamental role in the world both as a key source of livelihood and its role in the global food supply chain. To meet this demand, farmers, scientists, agronomists, and agricultural industries turn to new technologies, such as Cloud Computing, Edge Computing, Fog Computing, IoT, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Drones. Smart Agriculture or Smart Farming is an emerging concept that uses modern technologies in agriculture and livestock production to increase production, quantity, and quality, by making maximum use of resources and minimising the environmental impact This is demonstrated when farmers and all stakeholders related to agriculture use modern technologies and smart devices to monitor their farms, equipment, crops, and livestock. Using these devices, they can obtain statistics on their livestock feeding and production of crops [5,7,8].
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