Abstract
In the hybrid experiment on Mt.Chacaltaya, we can observe three different components of airshowers, that is, air-shower size, burst-density and high energy families (a bundle of high energy particles). Burst-density in each block of hadron calorimeters are newly recalculated in simulations in oder to compare directly to the experimental data. Energy deposits in the scintillators of the hadron calorimeters are calculated using GEANT4 for every particle, incident upon the hadron calorimeter, in the air-showers simulated using CORSIKA, and are converted into burst-density, taking into consideration the exact structure of experimental hadron calorimeter. We study correlations among three observable components in the air-showers. Correlations between air-shower size and burst-density and those between air-shower size and accompanied family energy can be explained by model calculations by adjusting primary particle composition, the former correlation is in favor of proton-primaries but the latter iron-primaries. No model can describe well observed correlations between burst-density and family energy. That is, the observed family energy accompanied by the air-showers with larger burst-density is systematically smaller than that expected in the simulated events. Effects of a fluctuation in the cross-section of hadronic interactions are studied to settle the disagreement between experimental data and simulations.
Highlights
In the papers[9, 10] we have shown some results on the correlation between burst-density and accompanied family energy observed by the Chacaltaya hybrid experiment
Each block of the emulsion chamber consists of 30 lead plates each of 0.5 cm thick and 14 sensitive layers of X-ray film which are inserted after every 1 cm lead
Hadron calorimeters with plastic scintillator of 5cm thick are installed underneath the respective blocks of the emulsion chamber
Summary
EPJ Web of Conferences sure the lateral distribution of electron density of the airshowers. In the center of the air-shower array, 32 blocks of emulsion chambers (0.25 m2 each) are installed. Each block of the emulsion chamber consists of 30 lead plates each of 0.5 cm thick and 14 sensitive layers of X-ray film which are inserted after every 1 cm lead. The total area of the emulsion chambers is 8 m2. Hadron calorimeters with plastic scintillator of 5cm thick are installed underneath the respective blocks of the emulsion chamber. A 2 cm thick iron support is inserted between the emulsion chamber and the hadron calorimeter. Details of the Chacaltaya hybrid experiment are described in Refs.[4, 5]
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