A Systematic Review: Role of miRNA in Gastric Cancer Risk, Onset, and Progression

Abstract

Abstract Background: Understanding the epidemiological patterns and futuristic trends in gastric cancer (GC) is crucial since the worldwide epidemiological status has altered significantly over time. GC is one of the most prevalent malignancies in terms of becoming an important cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, recent years have seen a remarkable improvement in the study of microRNAs (miRNAs) controlling gene expression where miRNA aberrations have been linked to the development and incidence of GC. Methods: A considerate role of miRNAs in gastric carcinogenesis could deliver great perceptions toward understanding the physiology of tumor development. Therefore, this article reviews the epidemiology, risk factor, classification, and involvement of miRNAs in GC regulation and genes. During the process, more than 150 well-documented articles were reviewed, and collective data information was gathered through search databases such as the World Health Organization, National centre for biotechnology information (NCBI), and Google Scholar. Following this analysis, this review article comprises a number of miRNAs that are associated with types of tumor, stages of the tumor, GC prognosis, their effects on Helicobacter pylori-mediated infection, and potential applications in chemotherapy. Results: This review, thereby, supports a collective and comparative strategic role of miRNA, prominent attention of aberrantly expressed miRNAs, and their associated mechanism of cancer development that have been emphasized on exploiting new anticancer targets, thus effectuating the critical and comparative data for different subtypes, diagnosis, occurrence, and survival rate of GC among men and women.