Abstract
BackgroundTracheostomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in critical care patient management; more specifically, ventilation through tracheal cannula allows removal of the endotracheal tube (ETT). Available literature about tracheostomy care and decannulation is mainly represented by expert opinions and no certain knowledge arises from it.MethodsIn lack of statistical requirements, a systematic and critical review of literature regarding tracheostomy tube removal was performed in order to assess predictor factors of successful decannulation and to propose a predictive score. We combined 3 terms and a literature search has been performed using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE via Ovid SP; EMBASE via Ovid SP; EBSCO. s were independently reviewed: for those studies fitting the inclusion criteria on the basis of the title and abstract, full-text was achieved. We included studies published from January 1, 1995 until March 31, 2014; any sort of review and expert opinion has been excluded by our survey. English language restriction was applied. Ten studies have been considered eligible for inclusion in the review and were analysed further.ResultsCough effectiveness and ability to tolerate tracheostomy tube capping are the most considered parameters in clinical practice; other parameters are taken into different consideration by many authors in order to proceed to decannulation. Among them, we distinguished between objective quantitative parameters and semi-quantitative parameters more dependent from clinician’s opinion. We then built a score (the Quantitative semi Quantitative score: QsQ score) based on selected parameters coming from literature.ConclusionsOn our knowledge, this review provides the first proposal of decannulation score system based on current literature that is hypothetical and requires to be validated in daily practice. The key point of our proposal is to give a higher value to the objective parameters coming from literature compared to less quantifiable clinical ones.
Highlights
Tracheostomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in critical care patient management; ventilation through tracheal cannula allows removal of the endotracheal tube (ETT)
Tracheostomy is one of the most frequent procedures applicated in intensive care unit (ICU) patients: about 10% of patients requiring more than 3 days of mechanical ventilation are expected to undergo tracheostomy [1]
The database search yielded 248 citations published between January 1995 and September 2012. 226 articles were excluded on the title and abstract
Summary
Tracheostomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in critical care patient management; ventilation through tracheal cannula allows removal of the endotracheal tube (ETT). Data from scientific literature state the contrary, as the presence of tracheotomy tube, during spontaneous breathing, reduces airway radius leading to increased flow resistance and, increased work of breathing (WOB) [4,5]. This is according to Poiseuille equation, as the resistance to gas flow through a tube varies inversely with the internal diameter of the tube (in particular, to the 4th power of the radius of the tube when flow is laminar). The first data from in vivo studies appeared recently by Valentini et al trying to define the effect of smaller tracheostomy tube sizes on diaphragm effort
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