Abstract
Due to the rising popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT), interconnected infrastructures with better flexibility and efficiency are being developed for industry 4.0. The use of IoT in industry 4.0 introduces a new term “Industrial IoT (IIoT)”, which allows remote monitoring of wide-ranging industrial processes. IIoT tends to function with a large number of heterogeneous devices, therefore, data interoperability is the biggest challenge in achieving seamless real-time communication. To achieve data interoperability, there is a need to integrate various IoT application layer protocols; separately, as well as, with other data acquisition protocols along with hardware/software platforms. Although such integrations are frequently presented in the state-of-the-art, a comprehensive investigation and analysis of such approaches in single research work are hard to find. Therefore, in this article, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is presented by investigating 34 influential research works, published during 2014-2020, where interoperability of application layer protocols is performed for IIoT. Consequently, the selected research studies are divided into three categories: 1) Integration of IoT application layer protocols - 13 papers; 2) Integration of IoT and data acquisition protocols - 6 papers; 3) Integration of IoT protocols with hardware/software platforms - 15 papers to resolve interoperability issues. Moreover, nineteen (19) tools used for integration in the selected research works are identified. Furthermore, leading approaches to perform such integrations are recognized, e.g., Gateways. It has been concluded that although researchers frequently propose centralized (e.g., gateway or protocol converter) and distributed intermediator (e.g., Middleware) to achieve required interoperability for IIoT, it is a need of a day to develop a device level solution without the involvement of intermediator. This will solve different interoperability problems in industries like scalability, load balancing, and a single point of failure.
Highlights
Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) (IIoT) has become an important component for the implementation in industry 4.0 as it integrates the physical, social and cyber objects/things with industry and behaves intelligently to serve it’s people [1] [2]
Advance Messaging Queuing Protocol (AMQP) is excluded because no research study of this section integrated AMQP with other IoT applicationlayer protocols
WORK This article comprehensively investigates IoT application layer protocols used for integration to support industrial IoT requirements
Summary
Industrial IoT (IIoT) has become an important component for the implementation in industry 4.0 as it integrates the physical, social and cyber objects/things with industry and behaves intelligently to serve it’s people [1] [2]. Communication relies on the heterogeneous smart devices speaking different languages leading to the interoperability issue. A brief introduction of application-layer protocols for interoperability and integration approaches is presented. IIoT application-layer protocols for interoperability are discussed in Section II (A) and an overview of integration approaches is provided in Section II (B). A. APPLICATION-LAYER PROTOCOLS FOR INTEROPRABILITY In Industrial IoT, "things" have the capabilities to collaborate and communicate with each other. Dissimilar protocols at any layer of IoT architecture used by IIoT lead to interoperability issues [17]. Due to this reason, heterogeneity is harmonized using an integration of dissimilar application-layer protocols. One of its examples is the Data Distribution Service (DDS)
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