Abstract
Background: COVID-2019 pandemic lead to a raised interest on the development of new treatments through Artificial Intelligence (AI). Aim: to carry out a systematic review on the development of repurposed drugs against COVID-2019 through the application of AI. Methods: The Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was applied. Keywords: [“Artificial intelligence” and (COVID or SARS) and (medicine or drug)]. Databases: PubMed®, DOAJ and SciELO. Cochrane Library was additionally screened to identify previous published reviews on the same topic. Results: From the 277 identified records [PubMed® (n = 157); DOAJ (n = 119) and SciELO (n = 1)], 27 studies were included. Among other, the selected studies on new treatments against COVID-2019 were classified, as follows: studies with in-vitro and/or clinical data; association of known drugs; and other studies related to repurposing of drugs. Conclusion: Diverse potentially repurposed drugs against COVID-2019 were identified. The repurposed drugs were mainly from antivirals, antibiotics, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) groups, although diverse other pharmacologic groups were covered. AI was a suitable tool to quickly analyze large amounts of data or to estimate drug repurposing against COVID-2019.
Highlights
On 31 December 2019, a cluster of cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China was reported with the identification of a likely new form of coronavirus
Findings of the Review of Kaushal et al (2020) In a search carried out between December 2019 and May 2020 in 5 databases, Artificial Intelligence (AI) was applied to a rapid identification of diverse potential drug targets, novel and/or repurposing of drugs and vaccine candidates for the potential treatment of COVID-2019
Main Findings of the Selected Studies Some aspects of the 17 selected studies are briefly summarized in Table 1, such as the list of key repurposed drug(s) with potential therapeutic use against COVID-2019
Summary
On 31 December 2019, a cluster of cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China was reported with the identification of a likely new form of coronavirus. Inflammatory cytokines recruit innate immune cells (e.g., monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, DCs, and NK cells) and activate adaptive immune cells (CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells). These occurrences may induce myelopoiesis and emergency granulopoiesis, associated with the production of sustained and excessive circulating cytokines, which may lead to a serious epithelial damage. Aim: to carry out a systematic review on the development of repurposed drugs against COVID-2019 through the application of AI. The selected studies on new treatments against COVID-2019 were classified, as follows: studies with in-vitro and/or clinical data; association of known drugs; and other studies related to repurposing of drugs. AI was a suitable tool to quickly analyze large amounts of data or to estimate drug repurposing against COVID-2019
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