Abstract
Critical infrastructure systems are evolving from isolated bespoke systems to those that use general-purpose computing hosts, IoT sensors, edge computing, wireless networks and artificial intelligence. Although this move improves sensing and control capacity and gives better integration with business requirements, it also increases the scope for attack from malicious entities that intend to conduct industrial espionage and sabotage against these systems. In this paper, we review the state of the cyber-security research that is focused on improving the security of the water supply and wastewater collection and treatment systems that form part of the critical national infrastructure. We cover the publication statistics of the research in this area, the aspects of security being addressed, and future work required to achieve better cyber-security for water systems.
Highlights
We present a systematic literature review and evaluate the current state of cyber-security of cyber–physical systems within the water sector, focusing on process control layers, as the corporate IT layers are primarily affected by security problems covered by traditional information security
Our aim in this paper is to review and gain an understanding of cyber-security research targeted at protecting cyber–physical systems in the water sector, thence to identify areas that require future research
We have systematically reviewed the existing peer-reviewed research efforts to secure water systems, and have identified limitations in those research efforts and possible future directions for securing generation of smart water cyber–physical system (CPS)
Summary
According to the United Nations World Water Development. 45 million cubic meters of water are lost each day in developing countries, costing over. US$3 billion per year [2]. This loss is mainly due to inefficient infrastructure, ageing infrastructure that leaks, and non-revenue water due to lack of billing or inaccuracies in costing such as metering issues [2]. It affects both developed and developing countries. In England and Wales 2954 million litres of water are leaked each day from distribution networks and supply pipes [3]
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