Abstract
Childhood circumstances such as socio-economic status and family structure have been found to influence psychological, psychosocial attributes and Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the published literature to assess the influence of parental Socio-Economic Status (SES) and home environment on children’s OHRQoL. A systematic search was conducted in August 2013 using PubMed, Medline via OVID, CINAHL Plus via EBSCO, and Cochrane databases. Studies that have analysed the effect of parental characteristics (SES, family environment, family structure, number of siblings, household crowding, parents’ age, and parents’ oral health literacy) on children’s OHRQoL were included. Quality assessment of the articles was done by the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative studies. Database search retrieved a total of 2,849 titles after removing the duplicates, 36 articles were found to be relevant. Most of the studies were conducted on Brazilian children and were published in recent two years. Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale and Children’s Perception Questionnaire11-14 were the instruments of choice in preschool and school aged children respectively. Findings from majority of the studies suggest that the children from families with high income, parental education and family economy had better OHRQoL. Mothers’ age, family structure, household crowding and presence of siblings were significant predictors of children’s OHRQoL. However, definitive conclusions from the studies reviewed are not possible due to the differences in the study population, parental characteristics considered, methods used and statistical tests performed.
Highlights
The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines Quality of Life (QoL) as “an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the cultural and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns” [1]
Childhood circumstances, as indicated by socio-economic status (SES), family structure and parenting quality, have been found to influence psychological and psychosocial attributes in children [13]. This is strengthened by findings from recent studies where parental socio-economic factors as well as home environment have been found to impact negatively on children’s Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) [14], with children residing in orphanages presenting with poorer OHRQoL than those living with their parents [15]
A search for eligible journal articles was undertaken in August 2013, using PubMed, Medline via OVID, CINAHL Plus via EBSCO, and Cochrane databases to answer if parental characteristics (SES, family environment, family structure, number of siblings, household crowding, parents’ age, and parents’ oral health literacy) influence children’s OHRQoL
Summary
The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines Quality of Life (QoL) as “an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the cultural and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns” [1]. There is a growing interest and move towards the use of patient-focussed assessments to gain more meaningful information, subjective, on the impact of oral disease on an individual [2]. Childhood circumstances, as indicated by socio-economic status (SES), family structure and parenting quality, have been found to influence psychological and psychosocial attributes in children [13]. This is strengthened by findings from recent studies where parental socio-economic factors as well as home environment have been found to impact negatively on children’s OHRQoL [14], with children residing in orphanages presenting with poorer OHRQoL than those living with their parents [15]. This is not always the case, with conflicting findings from a few studies where parental SES and home environment characteristics were found to be insignificant in predicting children’s OHRQoL
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