Abstract
The study presents a systematic review of published scientific articles investigating the effects of interventions aiming at aflatoxin reduction at the feed production and animal feeding phases of the milk value chain in order to identify the recent scientific trends and summarize the main findings available in the literature. The review strategy was designed based on the guidance of the systematic review and knowledge synthesis methodology that is applicable in the field of food safety. The Web of Science and EBSCOhost online databases were searched with predefined algorithms. After title and abstract relevance screening and relevance confirmation with full-text screening, 67 studies remained for data extraction, which were included in the review. The most important identified groups of interventions based on their mode of action and place in the technological process are as follows: low-moisture production using preservatives, acidity regulators, adsorbents and various microbiological additives. The results of the listed publications are summarized and compared for all the identified intervention groups. The paper aimed to help feed producers, farmers and relevant stakeholders to get an overview of the most suitable aflatoxin mitigation options, which is extremely important in the near future as climate change will likely be accompanied by elevated mycotoxin levels.
Highlights
Aflatoxins are a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain filamentous fungi, which infect important staple crops, predominantly with Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius [1,2]
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is carcinogenic to humans, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies aflatoxins as Group 1—carcinogenic to humans [5]
This study presents a systematic review of the published articles investigating any effects on the aflatoxin content of corn and subsequently in cow milk
Summary
Aflatoxins are a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain filamentous fungi (moulds), which infect important staple crops, predominantly with Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius [1,2]. The most important types of aflatoxins are B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2 [3]. Aflatoxins have been found in major food crops, notably nuts, grains and their derived products, which may become contaminated both before and after harvesting [4]. Contaminated food crops pose serious economic and health challenges. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic and immunosuppressive compounds and may affect all organs, especially the liver and the kidneys. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is carcinogenic to humans, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies aflatoxins as Group 1—carcinogenic to humans [5]
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