Abstract
Review Objectives: The primary objective of this systematic review will be. To evaluate the effectiveness of religious/spiritual activity on quality of life and healthcare outcomes among older adults in residential care facilities. The specific questions to be addressed are: What is the effectiveness of religious/spiritual activity on quality of life indicators for older adults living in residential care facilities? and, What is the effectiveness of religious/spiritual activity on health care outcomes for older adults living in residential care facilities? Criteria for Review: Participants: Participants of interest are older adults aged 65 and over living in residential care facilities, regardless of health status. Indigenous participants will be included from the age of 45 as some societies distinguish between the age and health requirements of minority or disadvantaged populations; all participants must be involved in some form of religious/spiritual activity. Interventions: The interventions of interest are religious/spiritual activities undertaken, or participated in by older adults on a regular basis (weekly or monthly). Religious and/or spiritual activity may include religious activities or attendance at a religious institution, faith, prayer, specific rituals associated with a particular form of belief, including rites, passages, and reading of texts. Forms of exercise or movement which are conducted as types of spiritual expression will be included as a sub group, in anticipation of the difficulties in ascribing causality when two activities (exercise and religion) form a single intervention. Outcomes: For evaluation of quality of life measures, validated single or multidimensional tools that address spiritual, physical, mental and/or emotional measures of wellbeing will be included. For evaluation of health care outcomes, papers that report morbidity and/or mortality data will be included, this review will not be limited to specific health care outcomes.
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