Abstract
Safety is generally characterised as the state of being “safe”, the condition of being protected from harm or other non-desirable consequences. One effective way of achieving it is to implement a safety management system (SMS). SMS should be seen as an aggregate strategic aspect of standard business management, understanding its high priority to safety. This article describes and illustrates SMS in aviation, focusing on the similarities and differences in the system approaches adopted by selected Civil Aviation Authorities (CAAs) with the primary focus on the safety level. The main goal is to provide a structural comparison of the system framework within individual CAAs and its explanation in safety-related documents. This article also dealt with the chosen safety approach (reactive, proactive and predictive) and safety performance indicators (SPIs), forming a quality and effective safety system that maintains an acceptable safety level. Finally, this article is mainly based on datasets publicly available through the International Civil Aviation Organisation, Transport Canada, Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia, Federal Aviation Administration, UK Civil Aviation Authority, Civil Aviation Administration of China and Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand websites and documentation related to safety.
Highlights
Many authors characterised safety as the state in which the chance of harm to persons or property damage is decreased and maintained at or under an acceptable level within continuing hazard identification and risk management [18, 25,26,27, 40]
Civil Aviation Authorities (CAAs) were chosen based on prior knowledge of each country and the assumption that there is a high level of safety awareness
The primary safety-related documents were searched and the standard Safety Management System (SMS) structure was compared among individual CAAs, and the results were summarised in tables
Summary
Many authors characterised safety as the state in which the chance of harm to persons or property damage is decreased and maintained at or under an acceptable (adequate) level within continuing hazard identification and risk management [18, 25,26,27, 40]. CASA published the Civil Aviation Advisory Publication (CAAP) as guidance material of Safety Management Systems for Regular Public Transport Operations CAAP SMS-01 v1.1 [8]. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA) The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the biggest improved transportation agency and governmental organisation that manages every aspect of civil aviation in the United States and over its neighbouring international waters It was founded in 1958 and its capabilities cover the development and operation of airports, air traffic control, the certification of pilots, other professionals and aircraft, and the protection of assets during the launch or re-entry of commercial space vehicles [39]. In 2006, FAA published Advisory Circular AC120-92 Introduction to Safety Management Systems for Air Operators to introduce the SMS concept for the first time to airlines and other air transport operators and guide SMS improvement by aviation service providers. The third booklet supports implementing SMS as guidelines for small aviation organisations, and the last one is the introduction to aviation risk management [13]
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