Abstract
Protein kinases are validated drug targets for a number of therapeutic areas, as kinase deregulation is known to play an essential role in many disease states. Many investigated protein kinase inhibitors are natural product small molecules or their derivatives. Many marine-derived natural products from various marine sources, such as bacteria and cyanobacteria, fungi, animals, algae, soft corals, sponges, etc. have been found to have potent kinase inhibitory activity, or desirable pharmacophores for further development. This review covers the new compounds reported from the beginning of 2014 through the middle of 2019 as having been isolated from marine organisms and having potential therapeutic applications due to kinase inhibitory and associated bioactivities. Moreover, some existing clinical drugs based on marine-derived natural product scaffolds are also discussed.
Highlights
Oceans and seas occupy almost 70% of the Earth’s surface, and are estimated to host about 80%of all living species [1]
This review provides insight into the kinase inhibitors isolated from marine sources that have been reported in the last five years since 2014 and highlight the associated biological activities and potential clinical applications
In the last five years covered in this review, from 2014–2019, there have been many results reported in the kinase research, and new biologically active kinase inhibitors that were discovered from various ocean life forms that include bacteria and cyanobacteria, fungi, animals, algae, soft corals and sponges
Summary
Oceans and seas occupy almost 70% of the Earth’s surface, and are estimated to host about 80%of all living species [1]. In the same time period, roughly two-thirds of small molecules drugs with FDA or equivalent regulatory agency approvals have been granted for natural products or derivatives thereof [3]. This has certainly included many exceptionally impactful antibiotic or antiparasitic drugs and oncology therapeutics, among others [4,5,6,7]. The published structures of natural products appear to correlate well with the chemical space occupied by approved drugs, and the natural product drug discovery continues to yield new and interesting compounds [2,8,9]. In the golden age of natural product research, many marine-derived scaffolds have been applied to clinical drug discovery
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