Abstract
BackgroundAdolescent alcohol consumption is an issue of ongoing concern and programs targeting parents have been identified as an important component in minimizing and preventing alcohol related harm in adolescents. This paper aims to evaluate existing parent based alcohol education programs with a focus on understanding parent specific outcomes including parental attitudes, parent-child communication, alcohol specific rule setting and parental monitoring; study quality, the extent of stakeholder engagement in program design and the level of theory application.MethodA systematic review of electronic databases EBSCO, Emerald, ProQuest, PubMed, Ovid, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis and Web of Science was conducted from database inception to August 2019. A total of 4288 unique records were retrieved from the eight databases. Studies were included if they evaluated school based alcohol education programs that included a parent component and detailed outcome measures associated with parent data. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool.ResultsIn total 17 studies qualified for assessment, detailing 13 individual parent programs. Of these, ten programs demonstrated positive effects in at least one parent reported outcome measure. Stakeholder engagement during the design of programs was lacking with the majority of programs. One third of the programs did not report theory use and when theory was used reporting was weak with three programs applying theory, five testing theory and none building theory. According to the EPHPP tool, overall ten programs were rated as weak, three as moderate and none as strong.ConclusionFuture studies are recommended to further enhance the effectiveness of parental programs by improving study quality, increasing stakeholder engagement and increasing the level of theory application and reporting.
Highlights
Parents remain one of the most important social influencers in preventing and reducing adolescents’ alcohol consumption [1]
Newton et al, [1] found that nine out of ten combined student and parent alcohol programs showed effectiveness in delaying or reducing alcohol and drug use in adolescents. While these reviews advance understanding of the effect parent alcohol programs delivered within multicomponent settings have on adolescents, they do not indicate the impact on parents who participate in programs, thereby limiting insights into how effectiveness for parents may be enhanced
This study sought to assess the level of stakeholder engagement in the design of parent alcohol programs, and this study aimed to assess the extent of theory utilization in Efficacy of parent alcohol programs Each of the identified programs focused on influencing specific parenting factors associated with preventing or reducing alcohol use among adolescents including; parents’ restrictive attitudes, parent-child communication, alcoholspecific rule setting and parental monitoring
Summary
Parents remain one of the most important social influencers in preventing and reducing adolescents’ alcohol consumption [1]. A recent meta-analytic study identified evidence of parent alcohol programs efficacy in preventing or reducing alcohol use [14]. Newton et al, [1] found that nine out of ten combined student and parent alcohol programs showed effectiveness in delaying or reducing alcohol and drug use in adolescents. While these reviews advance understanding of the effect parent alcohol programs delivered within multicomponent settings have on adolescents, they do not indicate the impact on parents who participate in programs, thereby limiting insights into how effectiveness for parents may be enhanced. This paper aims to evaluate existing parent based alcohol education programs with a focus on understanding parent specific outcomes including parental attitudes, parent-child communication, alcohol specific rule setting and parental monitoring; study quality, the extent of stakeholder engagement in program design and the level of theory application
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