Abstract
Effects of added fat in sow diets on the sows’ reproductive performance and offspring growth performance are influenced by multiple factors such as genetics, nutrition, parity, ambient temperatures, and farm management. Individual studies cannot cover all these factors. With the view to address this challenge, we searched all studies that were published from 1986 to 2020, and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the fat effect. In total, 19 papers were collected and analyzed. Fat supplementation in sow diets during late gestation and lactation decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI, P < 0.05) and tended to increase average daily energy intake (ADEI, P = 0.11). It had no impact on litter weights at birth (P = 0.40) or weaning (P = 0.46). It increased total numbers of piglets at birth (P = 0.07), but had no effect on liveborn per litter (P = 0.90) or survival rate (P = 0.48) of piglets to weaning. Fat supplementation had no significant effect on sow body weight loss (P = 0.67) or backfat thickness changes (P = 0.66), but sows fed diets with added fat had increased milk fat concentration (P = 0.03) and shorter wean to estrus intervals (WEI, P = 0.01). In specific circumstances, fat supplementation tended to improve growth performance of piglets with low litter weights at birth (P = 0.14), or when the sows lost large amounts of body weight during lactation (P = 0.11). The level of supplemented fat was 10% and higher would decrease liveborn per litter at neutral temperature (P = 0.10). The meta-analysis revealed that fat supplementation to sows diet during late gestation and lactation can be beneficial for sow reproductive performance and litter growth performance.
Highlights
Genetic selection and improvements in health, management and nutrition have led to dramatic increases in sow productivity [1, 2]
The standardized mean difference (SMD; “Difference” used in following text) between control and fat treatment was -0.14 kg/d (P = 0.04) (Fig. 1A), which means that inclusion of fat in diets decreased Average daily feed intake during lactation period (ADFI) of sows
Fat supplementation had no effect on litter weights at birth (P = 0.40) or weaning (P = 0.46)
Summary
Genetic selection and improvements in health, management and nutrition have led to dramatic increases in sow productivity [1, 2]. Over the last two Effects of added fat on sows’ reproductive performance and growth performance of offspring are inconsistent among studies because several factors such as genetics, nutritional supplementation, study parity of the sow, environmental temperatures, health status of sows and. Individual studies cannot standardize all these factors To address this challenge, studies published from 1986 to 2020 that considered effects of dietary fat on sow feed intake, sow performance, and litter performance were retrieved. Studies published from 1986 to 2020 that considered effects of dietary fat on sow feed intake, sow performance, and litter performance were retrieved With these studies, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine effects of dietary fat for sows. This systematic review and analysis provide meaningful information to aid nutritionists and pig farmers effectively utilize dietary fat supplementation to improve sow performance and piglet growth
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