Abstract
Summary StatementThere is little global consensus on how to train, assess, and evaluate skills in obstetric ultrasound. The outcomes of curricula, where present, are often based on the number of clinical cases completed, rather than objective outcomes. The central question in this review is whether simulation enhances training and prepares trainees for clinical practice. A systematic review was conducted of the currently available literature in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies considering the use of simulators in training or assessment of sonographers were eligible for inclusion. We conclude that simulation is best used for acquisition of technical skills and image optimization. Best outcomes are observed when simulation augments traditional learning, with a strong focus on specific, objective, and measurable skills. Integrating simulation into training curricula could allow trainees to contribute to clinical service while learning. How skills learned in a simulated environment translate to the clinic is poorly addressed by the literature.
Highlights
IntroductionUltrasound is a flexible, cost-effective investigation which can be performed at the patient bedside
Ultrasound is a flexible, cost-effective investigation which can be performed at the patient bedside.Despite these advantages ultrasound is known to be operator dependent and have high inter-operator variability[1]
The aim of this review is to investigate the use of high-fidelity simulation in obstetric ultrasound, to identify its usability for learners and to establish if the skills obtained in a simulated environment can be translated to improved clinical performance
Summary
Ultrasound is a flexible, cost-effective investigation which can be performed at the patient bedside. Despite these advantages ultrasound is known to be operator dependent and have high inter-operator variability[1]. Training and competence assessment are of great importance to ensure safe clinical practice. Ultrasound can be used in acute clinical care to perform basic tasks such as confirmation of the fetal heartbeat or assessment of fetal presentation. Away from the delivery suite, intermediate level skills, such as monitoring fetal growth and wellbeing have a higher training demand and require ongoing assessment of competency and quality assurance 2. Advanced applications include the diagnosis of major congenital abnormality, generally performed by doctors with a specialist interest in fetal medicine. A number of percutaneous, in-utero, ultrasound guided procedures are used to treat
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