A Systematic Analysis of 1,881,012 Ratios and Differences of the Gene Expression Values on Hippocampus in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Reveals Pairs of Protein-coding and Noncoding Rnas that are Highly Correlated With the Mini-mental State Examination Values

Abstract

disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 22’) also observed a 4.58-fold downregulation of Visinin-like 1, correlating with our study in hippocampus in [1], and the loss of expression in the superior frontal gyrus and primary visual cortex in AD patients [3]. Among the long ncRNAs that were upregulated with disease progression, we highlight TUG1 (FLJ20618, taurine upregulated 1, (probe 222244_s_at) and BG251521 (probe 213156_at). TUG1 has been previously reported to have a role in retinal cell fate specification and has not been previously associated with AD. Liang et al. have previously shown that BG251521 was 10.4 fold upregulated in the middle temporal gyrus of AD affected patients relative to controls (p-value < 6.25E-06) [3]. BG251521 is transcribed as an 2 kb long ncRNA that is very highly conserved across vertebrates and also encodes the micro RNA, Mir568. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the importance of long ncRNAs as markers in disease progression and highlight potential candidates for further understanding the molecular basis of AD.