Abstract
The article presents an ontological approach to making academic transcripts comparable. Considerable variety exists among university grading systems around the world. For example, in the U.S. grades of F through A+ correspond to 0.00 through 4.30, whereas in Germany the corresponding scale traverses 5 through 1. The authors introduce an ontology that reduces ambiguity between grading systems. They also discuss how conversion rules can be extracted from Microsoft Excel spreadsheet documents and ported to a machine-readable rule language.
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