A system dynamics study of Pakistan's education system: Consequences for governance

Abstract

AbstractPurposeMarred by complex internal and external pressures, Pakistan's education system struggles to move ahead. This paper uses system dynamics (SD) to analyze this complexity and identifies leverage points and intervention strategies for change.MethodologyAn SD approach suggests that meaningful understanding comes from building up a big picture of phenomena. Causal loop diagrams (CLDs) are utilized to describe and explain the present system and helps to suggest actions that can be taken in the present that will impact the long term.FindingsThree factors are identified in terms of having the greatest impact in this area. We conclude that in order to reduce dependence on the military and foreign aid, it is imperative for Pakistan to turn its attention to its education sector.Practical implicationsThe implementation of the suggested strategies could arrest the vicious cycles occurring at present within the education sector. Consequently, the education sector could gradually be mended, inducing positive knock‐on effects on the economy and the country as a whole.OriginalityEach of the factors that have been identified have been examined separately in their role in advancing the education system; however, by utilizing this methodology, this paper attempts to bring a “system understanding” to a long‐standing problem.