Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, and two of its parasitoids, Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae] and Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam and Agarwal) [Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae], were reared under artificial light in a quarantine facility as part of a classical biological control program. Diaphorina citri, the vector of citrus greening disease, were reared on propagated orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) because it is not considered a host of the greening pathogen Liberobacter asiaticum and is more resistant to psyllid feeding damage than citrus. Each month, approximately 36,000 D. citri nymphs could be generated, yielding 6750 T. radiata and 1630 D. aligarhensis after 180 h of labor, and use of 150 M. paniculata plants, 20 m 2 of greenhouse space, and 18 m 2 of quarantine space. The developmental time from psyllid egg to the start of parasitoid emergence was 24 days for T. radiata and 28 days for D. aligarhensis. The sex ratio of laboratory-reared T. radiata was 1.8 $:1# (n ¼ 400) in the Taiwanese population and 2.0 $:1# (n ¼ 400) in the Vietnamese population. Both T. radiata and D. aligarhensis are long lived and could be stored for up to 30 days at 17C prior to field release, incurring less than 5% mortality. Ten percent of T. radiata (14 of 136 tested) and 10% of D. aligarhensis (22 of 209 tested) survived for 50 days when stored at 25C. Only females were observed from the population of D. aligarhensis obtained from Taiwan. 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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