Abstract
Land use activity is a major issue and challenge for town and country planners. Urban planners must be able to allocate urban land area to different applications with a special focus on the role and function of the city, its economy, and the ability to simulate the effect of user interaction with each other. Continuing migration of rural population to cities and population increases has caused many problems of today's cities including the expansion of urban areas, lack of infrastructure and urban services as well as environmental pollution. Local governments that implement urban growth boundaries need to estimate the amount of urban land required in the future given anticipated growth of housing, business, recreation and other urban activities. Urban growth is a complex process that encounters a number of sophisticated parameters that interact to produce the urban growth pattern. Urban growth modelling aims to understand the dynamic processes. Therefore, interpretability of models is becoming increasingly important. Different approaches have been applied in spatial modelling. In this study, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been used for modelling of urban growth in Qazvin city area (Iran) during 2005 to 2011. Landsat imageries, taken in 2005 and 2011 have been used in the study. Main parameters in this study are distance to residential area, distance to industrial area, slope, accessibility, land price and number of urban cell in a 3*3 neighbourhood. Figure of Merit and Kappa statistics have been used for estimating accuracy of the proposed model. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.69.3.6653
Highlights
Urban population worldwide has increased from 22.9% in 1985 to 47% in 2010 (Jiang et al, 2012)
It could be stated that natural forces and human activities have been the most important factors in land use and land cover changes in local to global scale (Haub, 2007)
Finding the proper number of swarms is an important task in working with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
Summary
Urban population worldwide has increased from 22.9% in 1985 to 47% in 2010 (Jiang et al, 2012). Studies predict that in 2025, 56.6% of the entire world’s population will live in the cities (UN, 2009). The growth rate of urban areas was faster than population growth rate (Pijanowski et al, 2010). Rapid population growth and urbanisation has doubled importance of the land use. It could be stated that natural forces and human activities have been the most important factors in land use and land cover changes in local to global scale (Haub, 2007). The effect of human activities is more significant than natural forces. Negative effects of urban growth are the following: degradation of the environment, decreased quality of urban space and social degradation (Jenks, 2000)
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