Abstract
Due to the particularity of the continental monsoon climate in China, more than 90% of the wine grape cultivation areas require vines to be buried in winter for a burial period that can extend to half a year. Additionally, traditional vine cultivation practices can expose the surface of the soil during winter, easily leading to soil erosion. To meet the restrictive factors for viticulture in the Chinese cold climate zone, a new sustainable viticulture strategy called crawled cordon mode (CCM) has been developed. CCM includes crawled cordon training (CCT), physical methods of flower and fruit thinning, winter suspension of shoots, the use of a biodegradable liquid film, and covering of grass and branches for simplified management of vineyards. This article summarizes the specific implementation methods of the main measures of CCM and their significant effects on the quality of grapes and wine, ecological environment, and costs, and aims to provide inspiration for the study of sustainable and eco-friendly cultivation measures for vineyards in other cold climate zones.
Highlights
Climate change has aroused wide concern in recent years, and may have a major impact on the distribution and production of crops in temperate and tropical regions [1].As a perennial plant, grapevines have a strict regional distribution, they are in a higher-risk climate niche, and are sensitive to both short-term and long-term climate changes [2]
The Chinese viticulture area can be divided into 12 types based on the climatic zoning, with more than 90% of Vitis vinifera distributed in areas where the vines must be buried under a layer of soil during winter [9,10,11]
The results showed the induction of tylose by pruning, with development from axial parenchyma cells and ray parenchyma cells entering the duct lumen (Figure 1)
Summary
Xing Han 1,† , Tingting Xue 1,2,† , Xu Liu 1,3,4 , Zhilei Wang 1 , Liang Zhang 1 , Ying Wang 1 , Fei Yao 1 , Hua Wang 1,3,4,5, * and Hua Li 1,3,4,5, *.
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