Abstract
This paper presents a transformer-based power divider with six-port suspending structure for 2.4 GHz wireless applications. The proposed power divider, which is featured with chip size (2.9 mm × 2.8 mm × 21 μm), was constructed by an 8-μm-thick Cu bottom electrode, a 5 μm-height supporting copper post, and an 8-μm-thick suspended spiral copper conducting layer with a 13 μm air gap. The main structure included two transformers and six input/output matching capacitors for simultaneously achieving two single-to-differential paths so that the chip size of the complex multiple-ports transceiver could be reduced. According to the results, the proposed divider has characteristics of the radio frequency (RF), and its input return losses are around −10 dB, output return losses are beneath −10 dB, and minimum amplitude imbalance is below 1.5 dB and less than 1° phase imbalance at 2.4 GHz operating frequency.
Highlights
Increased demands for high transmission speed for wireless communication system have led to the popularity of transceivers with in/quadrature (I/Q) architecture [1,2]
To achieve higher data rate, new designs of transceivers are necessary for applications such as industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio band, long term evolution (LTE) mobile networks, multimedia, wireless internet access (WLAN, WiFi, WiMax) and wireless body area sensor networks (WBANs) with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) topologies [3]
Power splitter is an essential and critical component widely used in radio frequency (RF) wireless systems [6,7,8,9,10,11,12] to provide balanced outputs from an unbalanced input for antenna array [6], or to reduce the reflected wave as an impendence matching network in low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) [7,8,9]
Summary
Increased demands for high transmission speed for wireless communication system have led to the popularity of transceivers with in/quadrature (I/Q) architecture [1,2]. EThreecereivceeirvefrrofnrotn-et-nedndaracrhchitieteccttuurree wwiitthh:: (a(a) )cocnovnevnetniotnioanl aplaspsaivsesivdeevdiceev(ibce) s(ibx)-psoirxt-port transformer-based power divider. The ground ring structure was capacitors, and the dimensions of the input/output MIM capacitors were 550 (Wc1) × 550 (lc1) μm and 530 (Wc2) × 1225 (lc2) μm, respectively. NitPriadraem(Setie3rN4) [27w,28], oxside (SiSO1 2) [2W9,130] aWncd pollyc1mer W(SUc2 -8) [l3c12 ,32] hIDave bOeeDn used as the material of the insulator of MIM capacitor, but the relative permittivity (~1) of air is too low to achieve the sm(μamlle)r dimens6io0ns of2c5apaci6t0ors, a1n1d5 nitr5i5d0e an5d50oxid5e3c0apac1i2t2o5rs ha3v45e hig7h6e0r relative permittivity. The inside diameters (ID) and outside diameters (OD) of six-port transformer-based power divider were 345 μm and 760 μm, respectively. The chip dimension including test pads was 2920 × 2780 μm, and Table 1 lists the major design parameters of the proposed six-port transformer-based power divider
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