Abstract
Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have become more and more important in ocean exploration applications, such as ocean monitoring, pollution detection, ocean resource management, underwater device maintenance, etc. In underwater acoustic sensor networks, since the routing protocol guarantees reliable and effective data transmission from the source node to the destination node, routing protocol design is an attractive topic for researchers. There are many routing algorithms have been proposed in recent years. To present the current state of development of UASN routing protocols, we review herein the UASN routing protocol designs reported in recent years. In this paper, all the routing protocols have been classified into different groups according to their characteristics and routing algorithms, such as the non-cross-layer design routing protocol, the traditional cross-layer design routing protocol, and the intelligent algorithm based routing protocol. This is also the first paper that introduces intelligent algorithm-based UASN routing protocols. In addition, in this paper, we investigate the development trends of UASN routing protocols, which can provide researchers with clear and direct insights for further research.
Highlights
In the near future, the ocean will supply a substantial part of human and industrial needs: the oil and gas industry will move into deeper waters, renewable energy will be harvested from the sea, etc.minerals such as cobalt, nickel, copper, rare earths, silver, and gold will be mined from the seafloor
Even though many routing protocols have been proposed for terrestrial wireless sensor networks, considering the differences between the underwater environment and the terrestrial environment, terrestrial routing protocols are different from Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) routing protocols
These routing protocols relate to the energy consumption, the propagation delay, and the mobility, which are the main factors of routing protocol design
Summary
The ocean will supply a substantial part of human and industrial needs: the oil and gas industry will move into deeper waters, renewable energy will be harvested from the sea, etc. A large amount of research has been carried out on the design and application of underwater acoustic sensor networks These works have investigated various aspects of UASNs, such as the routing protocol, the MAC protocol, the link layer protocol, the communication method, the localization algorithm, etc. Different from previous surveys, this paper focuses on the underwater acoustic sensor network routing protocol design. To give researchers clear and direct insights for the development of underwater acoustic sensor network routing protocols, in this paper, we investigate the development trends in UASN routing protocol design in recent years. The rest of this paper is arranged as follows: in Section 2, we will introduce the background knowledge of routing protocol design, including the principle of cross-layer design and different kinds of intelligent.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
