Abstract
The previous and most popular broadband wireless technology i.e. WiMAX which is limited about to 10 miles, there are power and line of sight issues yet to be resolved for a broader coverage area. WiMAX deployment is therefore limited to densely populate metropolitan areas. What about rural and sparsely populated, geographically dispersed regional areas? Here is the upcoming solution for that which is implemented by IEEE .The IEEE 802.22 standard defines a system for a Wireless Regional Area Network i.e. WRAN that uses unused or white spaces within the television bands between 54 and 862 MHz, especially within rural areas .The 802.22 standard is the first standard to adopt cognitive radio spectrum sensing as a means of gaining greater use of the radio spectrum. Cognitive radios are to provide broadband wireless access (BWA) in the licensed TV bands on a secondary access basis. This concept is examined to see under what conditions BWA could be viable. Rural areas require long range communication which cognitive radios may not be able to support with enough secondary spectrum. By using cognitive radio networking techniques, it is able to sense the environment and adjust the network to accommodate any changes. In this paper we present the complete overview and broad survey of this CR based WRAN technology, how it will be fulfill the upcoming challenges and other factors and some survey based comparisons between and IEEE 802.16 WiMAX and IEEE 802.22 WRAN. Also we list some of the minor and major security issues regarding to this IEEE 802.22 standard technology.
Highlights
A Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) system based on 802.22 protocols is intended to make use, on a non-interfering basis, of unused TV broadcast channels (6MHz, 7MHz, or 8MHz) to address, as a primary objective, rural and remote areas and low population density underserved markets with performance levels similar to those of Broadband access technologies such as digital subscriber line technologies and Digital Cable modem service
IEEE 802.22 standard is preferred for two main reasons: (a) no dedicated spectrum is required, service providers can save on spectrum license costs, and (b) a wide coverage area; a radius of 33km that can be increased to 100 km This is essential in order to reach a large customer base in rural areas
The System architecture of WRAN is a simple point to multipoint system in which a WRAN base station (WRAN BS) serve multiple fixed-location wireless customer premise equipment (CPE) and an associated TV station
Summary
A Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) system based on 802.22 protocols is intended to make use, on a non-interfering basis, of unused TV broadcast channels (6MHz, 7MHz, or 8MHz) to address, as a primary objective, rural and remote areas and low population density underserved markets with performance levels similar to those of Broadband access technologies such as digital subscriber line (xDSL) technologies and Digital Cable modem service. The idea behind 802.22 is that there are considerable unused frequencies between VHF and UHF broadcast channels between 54 and 862 MHz this is possible by using cognitive radio capabilities. These include dynamic spectrum access, incumbent database access, accurate geo location techniques, spectrum sensing, spectrum etiquette, and coexistence for optimal use of the available spectrum. This means that it will be possible to send wireless broadband access without interfering with TV signals. The WiMAX (IEEE Standard 802.16e) technology is widely used now-a-days whereas WRAN (IEEE Standard 808.22) is a developing project of IEEE which was published in July 2011
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