A survey on RF energy harvesting techniques for lifetime enhancement of wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Lifetime enhancement of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been a significant challenge for the researchers for the last two decades. In WSNs, sensor nodes operate in an unattended environment and hence sensor nodes become useless when their battery is depleted. It is important to note that although there is a lot of radio frequency (RF) energy available everywhere, it has a low power density. First, we discuss some basics and framework of wireless energy harvesting systems. This research next examines RF energy harvesting strategies and techniques to enhance the RF to DC conversion efficiency of the rectenna system. The main challenge for RF energy harvesting system design is to achieve maximum PCE at low input power by using different rectifier circuit and antenna topologies or based on the bands they use. We also review the rectifying circuit's performance, including the impedance matching circuit, rectifier circuit, DC filter, and load.On the basis of their structure, attributes, and materials, the most recent antenna designs are featured. Finally, we consider some of its real-world issues and potential future work.