A Survey on Nutrition Labeling for Sodium, Potassium, and Phosphorus of Packaged Food and Beverages

Abstract

Nutrition labeling is important to guide patients with chronic kidney disease to make informed choices. This study aimed to evaluate the extent and accessibility of nutrition labeling for sodium, potassium, and phosphorus on food and beverage products in a supermarket. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a Malaysian supermarket. Information on sodium, potassium, and phosphorus contents was collected from the nutrition fact panel, while information on food additives containing sodium, potassium, and phosphorus was collected from the ingredient list. The survey included 2,577 foods and beverages, and 79.4% of the products included sodium information in nutrition fact panels, but only 11.7% and 2.0% disclosed potassium and phosphorus content, respectively. Sodium-containing additives were found in 78.6% of products; potassium- and phosphorus-containing additives were reported in 28.5% and 46.9% of products, respectively. Sodium-containing additives were typically listed as "salt," potassium-containing additives as "alternative names," and phosphorus-containing additives as "starch" and "E numbers." Imported products were more likely to include sodium (P<.001) and phosphorus (p=.036) contents, while more locally manufactured products reported sodium- (p=.003) and phosphorus- (P=.004) containing additives. There is limited availability of potassium and phosphorus information on nutrition labels in Malaysia food and beverage products, which presents significant challenges for individuals with chronic kidney disease in choosing appropriate products for their dietary needs.