Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) expansion led the market to find alternative communication technologies since existing protocols are insufficient in terms of coverage, energy consumption to fit IoT needs. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) emerged as an alternative cost-effective communication technology for the IoT market. LoRaWAN is an open LPWAN standard developed by LoRa Alliance and has key features i.e., low energy consumption, long-range communication, builtin security, GPS-free positioning. In this paper, we will introduce LoRaWAN technology, the state of art studies in the literature and provide open opportunities.
Highlights
Cost-effective Internet connectivity is an essential issue for the low power embedded devices that are dedicated to a specific task
The Network Server is the heart of the LoRaWAN protocol, where all Medium Access Control (MAC) functionality controlled by the Network Server
We have introduced the LoRaWAN and related work is done until today
Summary
Cost-effective Internet connectivity is an essential issue for the low power embedded devices that are dedicated to a specific task. Low Power Wide Area Networks are supposed to operate at low data rates to have kilometer range coverage from dense urban to suburban regions. Several LPWANs emerged on both licensed and unlicensed bands, LoRaWAN, Sigfox and, NB-IoT are widely deployed vital technologies [3]. Sigfox is an ultra-narrow band network that is patented and operated by Sigfox. NB-IoT is an ultra-narrow band technology developed by the 3GPP group which can be adopted on GSM and LTE networks. It occupies 200 MHz bandwidth and can reach up to 200 kbps data transmission speed. We will introduce LoRaWAN in depth both technological aspects and the use cases of its different areas. IEEE 802.11 DSSS, OFDM ISM: 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz 10–100 m 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz Unlimited Gbps Yes
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