Abstract
The infrastructure of vehicular networks plays a major role in realizing the full potential of vehicular communications. More and more vehicles are connected to the Internet and to each other, driving new technological transformations in a multidisciplinary way. Researchers in automotive/telecom industries and academia are joining their effort to provide their visions and solutions to increasingly complex transportation systems, also envisioning a myriad of applications to improve the driving experience and the mobility. These trends pose significant challenges to the communication systems: low latency, higher throughput, and increased reliability have to be granted by the wireless access technologies and by a suitable (possibly dedicated) infrastructure. This paper presents an in-depth survey of more than ten years of research on infrastructures, wireless access technologies and techniques, and deployment that make vehicular connectivity available. In addition, we identify the limitations of present technologies and infrastructures and the challenges associated with such infrastructure-based vehicular communications, also highlighting potential solutions.
Highlights
More and more vehicles are connected to the Internet through vehicle-to-anything (V2X) communication technologies, changing the automotive industry and the transportation system
A general architecture is shown in Figure 1: vehicles are equipped with connected on-board units (OBUs) which can transmit data to other vehicles or to a remote control center exploiting different communication technologies and different infrastructures
The results demonstrate that (i) the hybrid architecture improves the number of distinct vehicles experiencing V2I contacts up to 45% and (ii) the feasibility of incorporating mobile roadside units (RSUs) within public transportation vehicles and drones, since the mobile RSUs must travel at speeds ranging from 5.2 km/h up to 11.3 km/h
Summary
More and more vehicles are connected to the Internet through vehicle-to-anything (V2X) communication technologies, changing the automotive industry and the transportation system. Data is processed and translated into useful information and recommendations to assist users of the transportation system and transit authorities Such sophisticated communication network is commonly referred to as vehicular network [3,4,5]. The infrastructure plays a coordination role by gathering global or local (potentially real time) information and “suggesting” appropriate behaviors to drivers or managing specific services These applications typically rely on an extended coverage, such as data collection at a remote infrastructure for traffic management, environmental monitoring, smart navigation, smart logistic, predictive vehicles maintenance, and pay as you drive.
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