A survey on fragile watermarking based image authentication schemes

Abstract

Ensuring the image content authentication is a necessity need when images are used as supporting evidence in critical applications such as law enforcement, medical diagnosis, news reporting, and forensic investigation. Fragile watermarking is an effective solution for ensuring image content authentication. This paper presents a survey on fragile watermarking schemes for tamper localization and self-recovery. The characteristics and general framework are included to get an overview of these schemes. A brief review and comparison of various fragile watermarking schemes along with their merits and limitations are also given. The observations drawn from the comparative study are included to aid further research in this area. In addition to this, experimental evaluation of state-of-the-art tamper localization and self-recovery schemes in terms of watermarked image quality, tamper localization accuracy, and recovery capability is carried out.