Abstract
Future intelligent transportation systems (ITS) hold the promise of supporting the operation of safety-critical applications, such as cooperative self-driving cars. For that purpose, the communications among vehicles and with the road-side infrastructure will need to fulfil the strict real-time guarantees and challenging dependability requirements. These safety requisites are particularly important in wireless vehicular networks, where road traffic presents several threats to human life. This paper presents a systematic survey on fault tolerance techniques in the area of vehicular communications. The work provides a literature review of publications in journals and conferences proceedings, available through a set of different search databases (IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect). A systematic method, based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) Statement was conducted in order to identify the relevant papers for this survey. After that, the selected articles were analysed and categorised according to the type of redundancy, corresponding to three main groups (temporal, spatial and information redundancy). Finally, a comparison of the core features among the different solutions is presented, together with a brief discussion regarding the main drawbacks of the existing solutions, as well as the necessary steps to provide an integrated fault-tolerant approach to the future vehicular communications systems.
Highlights
The main motivation behind the development of wireless vehicular communications was based on the need to improve road safety and traffic efficiency
There are not many research works in the area of fault-tolerance focusing on wireless vehicular communications
An increasing trend can be observed in the recent years, with more protocols, mechanisms and architectures being proposed in order to enhance the dependability attributes of wireless vehicular networks
Summary
The main motivation behind the development of wireless vehicular communications was based on the need to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. IEEE WAVE and ETSI ITS-G5 constitute the most disseminated protocol stacks for vehicular communications in the United States and Europe, respectively Both of them rely on the IEEE 802.11 standard for the implementation of physical and medium access control (MAC) layers. A communication system providing fault tolerance capabilities typically involves redundancy and diversity techniques. This way, it is possible to avoid the presence of single points of failure in the system and to prevent common failure modes in network nodes or node’s components. Temporal redundancy is characterized by the attempt to deliver the same information at multiple moments in time Retransmission based protocols, such as TCP, are clear examples of this strategy
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