Abstract
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has achieved a great contribution in establishing the recent technological revolution. One of the most important challenges in WSNs is extending the lifetime of the network, wherein each task performed by a sensor node requires an amount of energy to complete. However, sensor nodes are powered by limited capacity batteries and distributed in remote locations. This causes a limitation in both the lifetime and the performance of the WSN. Most previous surveys ignored the energy waste phenomena and its vital role in exhausting the energy. So, this paper provides a comprehensive review for the previous energy conservation approaches and classifies them into two basic categories: energy optimization and energy-wasting avoidance. Concerning energy optimization techniques, we present an updated and comprehensive evaluation for Software Defined Network (SDN) as an energy optimization technique. Furthermore, in this paper, several recent WSN clustering algorithms are addressed and compared based on novel and efficient comparison dimensions. Finally, the paper collects the issues that cause waste of energy and discusses their detection and control mechanisms.
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